I. Safety inspection before operation
1. Equipment status inspection
- Check whether the key components such as wire rope, hook, chain, etc. are worn, cracked or deformed. According to the "Safety Regulations for Lifting Machinery" (GB/T 6067-2010), wire ropes with broken wires exceeding 10% of the total number of wires must be replaced.
- Confirm that there is no leakage in the hydraulic system and the oil pressure is stable within the rated range (usually 16-25MPa, refer to the equipment manual for details).
- Check whether the brake is sensitive. The braking distance should be less than 0.5 meters during no-load test (according to ISO 4309 standard).
2. Environmental assessment
- The ground in the working area must be flat and solid, and the pressure bearing capacity must not be lower than the maximum ground pressure of the equipment (such as crawler cranes usually require ≥0.1MPa).
- High-altitude operations are prohibited when the wind speed exceeds level 6 (12.5m/s) to prevent rollover or swinging of the hanging objects.
2. Safety regulations during operation
1. Load management
- Overloading is strictly prohibited. Taking a 10-ton bridge crane as an example, the actual load must not exceed 90% of the rated load (i.e. 9 tons) and must be evenly distributed.
- When hoisting long cargo, the tilt angle should be less than 30° to avoid tipping due to center of gravity shift.
2. Personnel collaboration
- Signalers and operators must use unified gestures or intercoms to communicate. The international general gesture standard refers to ISO 16715.
- No one is allowed to stand within the rotation radius of the boom, and the minimum safe distance is 3 meters (OSHA regulations).
3. Common risks and emergency measures
1. Emergency handling
- In the event of a power outage, immediately enable the backup power supply or manually release the brake to slowly lower the load (rehearsal is required in advance).
- When the wire rope breaks, the operator should press the emergency stop button urgently and evacuate the surrounding personnel.
2. Maintenance and Records
- Clean the equipment and lubricate bearings and other parts after each shift; perform a comprehensive inspection once a month (including torque limiter calibration).
- Establish equipment files, record the results of each inspection and troubleshooting, and archive them for at least 3 years (required by the "Special Equipment Safety Law").
Extended suggestions:
- For frequently used cranes, it is recommended to install an intelligent monitoring system to monitor parameters such as load and wind speed in real time to reduce the risk of human error.
- Operators must be certified (such as Q2 special equipment operation certificate) and undergo retraining every 2 years (as stipulated by the State Administration for Market Regulation).
(Note: The data in this article are all from national standards and international professional organizations. Please refer to the equipment manual for actual operation.)
